Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside the ovaries, usually during ovulation. While many ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, some can cause complications, leading to uncomfortable or severe symptoms. Recognizing the signs of ovarian cysts can help you seek timely treatment, which may prevent complications like cyst rupture or ovarian torsion.

Signs of Ovarian Cysts

There are several kinds of ovarian cysts. Functional cysts are quite common, and benign, and form during ovulation. Cysts related to a disease include polycystic syndrome or ovarian cancer. It is obviously important to learn the signs of ovarian cysts you shouldn’t ignore.

1. Pelvic Pain

One of the most common signs of ovarian cysts is pelvic pain, particularly on the side where the cyst is located. This pain may vary from dull and aching to sharp and intense, and it can be intermittent or constant. If you notice sudden, severe pain, especially with nausea or vomiting, it could indicate a cyst rupture or ovarian torsion, both of which require urgent medical attention.

2. Bloating or Abdominal Fullness

Persistent bloating, pressure, or a feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen are other common signs of ovarian cysts. Large cysts may press on other organs, leading to discomfort or a noticeable abdominal bulge. If the bloating doesn’t resolve with dietary changes or if it worsens, it’s essential to have it evaluated by a healthcare provider.

3. Painful Periods or Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Ovarian cysts, particularly those linked to hormonal conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may lead to irregular periods, heavy bleeding, or spotting between cycles. Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) are also common with certain types of cysts, like endometriomas. If your menstrual cycle has changed significantly or become increasingly painful, it could signal an underlying ovarian issue.

4. Pain During Intercourse

Experiencing pain during sexual intercourse, especially deep within the pelvis, may be a sign of ovarian cysts. This pain can occur if the cyst shifts or is pressed upon during intercourse, causing discomfort or sharp pain. While not all causes of painful intercourse are due to cysts, it’s worth mentioning this symptom to your doctor if it’s a persistent issue.

5. Frequent Urination or Difficulty Emptying the Bladder

Larger ovarian cysts can press against the bladder, causing urinary symptoms like frequent urination or feeling as if you can’t fully empty your bladder. These symptoms often overlap with urinary tract infections (UTIs), so it’s essential to distinguish between the two. If there are no signs of infection, yet urinary symptoms persist, ovarian cysts may be a contributing factor.

6. Lower Back Pain

Pain radiating to the lower back can also signal the presence of an ovarian cyst, especially if the cyst is large enough to press on nerves or other structures. This lower back pain may feel like a dull, constant ache and can worsen during physical activity or prolonged standing.

7. Unexplained Weight Gain

Sudden, unexplained weight gain or bloating can sometimes be associated with ovarian cysts, especially large or multiple cysts that cause the abdomen to swell. Weight gain could also indicate a hormonal imbalance, which might be a result of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a condition linked to multiple small ovarian cysts.

When to See a Doctor

Most ovarian cysts are benign and resolve without intervention, but there are times when medical attention is essential. Seek help if you experience:

• Sudden, severe pelvic pain
• Persistent bloating or fullness in the abdomen
• Menstrual irregularities that continue for multiple cycles
• Unusual weight gain without changes in diet or activity

Early detection of ovarian cysts can prevent complications, improve treatment outcomes, and provide peace of mind. If you’re experiencing any of these signs of ovarian cysts, schedule a check-up with your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalized care.