Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman’s menstrual period. PMS is very common, affecting up to 75% of menstruating women at some point in their lives. While the symptoms can vary widely in severity, they can significantly impact daily life for those who experience them.

Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms

The symptoms of PMS are diverse and can be categorized into physical, emotional, and behavioral groups. These symptoms typically appear after ovulation and subside once menstruation begins.

Physical Symptoms

Many women experience a sense of fullness or swelling, particularly in the abdominal area. Hormonal changes can lead to sore or swollen breasts. Flucuations in estrogen levels can trigger migraines of tension headaches. Some women even report feeling more tired or lethargic during the premenstrual phase. Hormonal shifts can also cause an increase in oil production, leading to acne breakouts.

Emotional Behavior

Rapid changes in mood, including irritability, anxiety, or sadness, are common. Some women may experience feelings of hopelessness or sadness during PMS. Increased sensitivity like heightened emotional responses or increased sensitivity to stress is also common. However, unexplained bouts of crying are not common. Emotional premenstrual syndrome symptoms is likely where the term ‘she is Pmsing’ derived from.

Behavior Symptoms

During PMS, many women experience cravings for sweet, salty, or carbohydrate-rich foods. Oftentimes, women experience sleep disturbances such as difficulty sleeping or changes in sleep patterns. Some women also have difficulty concentrating and find it hard to focus or feel more forgetful than usual. Also, due to the emotional and physical discomfort, some women may withdraw from social interactions.

Causes of PMS

The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the hormonal fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle. Key factors include hormonal and chemical changes as well as underlying health issues.

Hormonal changes refers to the rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone levels. These fluctuations are thought to influence premenstrual syndrome symptoms.For example, a drop in serotonin, a brain chemical that affects mood, might lead to some of the emotional symptoms associated with PMS.

Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, can also play a role in mood regulation and are influenced by hormonal changes. In addition, women with preexisting conditions like depression or anxiety may be more susceptible to severe PMS symptoms.

Diagnosis

There is no specific test to diagnose PMS. Instead, diagnosis is typically based on the pattern of premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Keeping a detailed diary of symptoms over several months can help healthcare providers identify whether they are cyclical and related to the menstrual cycle. If symptoms are severe, they may be classified as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a more intense form of PMS.

Treatment and Management

While there is no cure for PMS, a variety of treatments can help manage symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as a balance diet can help. Reducing intake of salt, sugar, caffeine, and alcohol may also alleviate symptoms.

Certain over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen can relieve physical symptoms like cramps and headaches. Birth control pills or hormonal therapy may be prescribed to regulate or suppress the menstrual cycle, potentially reducing PMS symptoms.

When to Seek Help

If your premenstrual syndrome symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily life, it’s important to consult Riverwalk Women’s Health gynecologists. We can help develop a personalized treatment plan and rule out other potential causes for your symptoms.

Conclusion

Premenstrual Syndrome is a common and often challenging condition. It affects many women during their reproductive years. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatment options can empower women to manage PMS effectively and improve your quality of life. While PMS can be uncomfortable, with the right approach, its impact can be minimized.

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